English Cosmos by Dr Mukesh Pareek

Chronological List of Elizabethan, and Quasi-Elizabethan, Playhouses (1576 - 1663) The Theater. Unroofed theatre; situated in Moore-fields, Shoreditch; built by James Burbage, 1576; pulled down, 1598; authentic views, none.  1 The Curtain. Unroofed theatre; situated in Moore-fields, Shoreditch; built in 1576; pulled down c. 1630; last referred to in 1627; authentic views, none. Paul's. First roofed theatre; situated in the Choir Singing School, near the Convocation House (St. Paul's); built c. 1581; suppressed, 1590-6; last trace of, c. 1608; burnt down in Great Fire, 1666; authentic views, none. Newington Butts. Unroofed theatre; situated in Lambeth; built c. 1586; pulled down c. 1603; authentic views, none. The Rose. Small, unroofed theatre; situated on the Bankside in Southwark; built between 1587 and 1592; first referred to in 1592, last in 1603; authentic views: (Exterior) Norden's Map, 1593; Ryther's Map, 1604. The Swan. Unroofed theatre; situated in Paris Garden,...

The Triple Fool  BY  JOHN DONNE I am two fools, I know,       For loving, and for saying so           In whining poetry; But where's that wiseman, that would not be I,           If she would not deny? Then as th' earth's inward narrow crooked lanes     Do purge sea water's fretful salt away, I thought, if I could draw my pains     Through rhyme's vexation, I should them allay. Grief brought to numbers cannot be so fierce, For he tames it, that fetters it in verse.       But when I have done so,       Some man, his art and voice to show,           Doth set and sing my pain; And, by delighting many, frees again           Grief, which verse did restrain. To love and grief tribute of ve...

1.The Lie BY  SIR WALTER RALEGH Go, soul, the body’s guest, Upon a thankless errand; Fear not to touch the best; The truth shall be thy warrant. Go, since I needs must die, And give the world the lie. Say to the court, it glows And shines like rotten wood; Say to the church, it shows What’s good, and doth no good. If church and court reply, Then give them both the lie. Tell potentates, they live Acting by others’ action; Not loved unless they give, Not strong but by a faction. If potentates reply, Give potentates the lie. Tell men of high condition, That manage the estate, Their purpose is ambition, Their practice only hate. And if they once reply, Then give them all the lie. Tell them that brave it most, They beg for more by spending, Who, in their greatest cost, Seek nothing but commending. And if they make reply, Then give them all the lie. Tell zeal it wants devotion; Tell love it is but lust; Tell time it is but motion; Tell flesh it is but dust. And wish them not reply, For t...

1.What is our life?’, by Sir Walter Raleigh What is our life? A play of passion, Our mirth the music of division; Our mothers’ wombs the tiring houses be, Where we are dressed for this short comedy; Heaven the judicious sharp spectator is That sits and marks still who doth act amiss; Our graves that hide us from the searching sun Are like drawn curtains when the play is done. Thus march we playing to our latest rest — Only we die in earnest, that’s no jest. 2.Sonnet 54 by Edmund Spenser 3. Of this world's theatre in which we stay, My love, like the spectator, idly sits; Beholding me, that all the pageants play, Disguising diversely my troubled wits. Sometimes I joy when glad occasion fits, And mask in mirth like to a comedy: Soon after, when my joy to sorrow flits, I wail, and make my woes a tragedy. Yet she, beholding me with constant eye, Delights not in my mirth, nor rues my smart: But, when I laugh, she mocks; and, when I cry, She laughs, and hardens evermore her heart. What th...

1.The Greek Old Testament, or Septuagint (from the Latin: septuāgintā, lit. 'seventy'; often abbreviated 70; in Roman numerals, LXX), is the earliest extant Koine Greek translation of books from the Hebrew Bible, various biblical apocrypha, and deuterocanonical books.The first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Torah or the Pentateuch, were translated in the mid-3rd century BCE; they did not survive as original translation texts, however, except as rare fragments. The remaining books of the Greek Old Testament are presumably translations of the 2nd century BCE. 2.Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible.The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. William Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to J...

13. Sir Thomas Elyot  (c. 1490 – 26 March 1546) was an  English   diplomat  and scholar. He is best known as one of the first proponents of the use of the English language for literary purposes. 14. Giovanni Florio  (London, 1553 – Fulham, 1625), known as  John Florio , was a translator, poet, playwright, linguist,  lexicographer , and royal language tutor at the Court of  James I . He is recognised as the most important humanist in Renaissance's England,and he was also the first translator of  Montaigne  into English and he wrote the first comprehensive Dictionary in English and Italian (surpassing the only previous modest Italian–English dictionary by William Thomas published in 1550). He has been proposed as the real author of Shakespeare's works. 15. Arthur Golding  ( c.  1536 – May 1606) was an  English   translator  of more than 30 works from  Latin  into  English . While primarily remem...